Chemical Elements
The chemical elements correspond to the grouping of atoms that have the same number of protons, that is, the same atomic number.
Currently, there are 118 chemical elements, 92 of which are natural (found in nature) and 26 are artificial and artificially produced.
Representation
All known chemical elements are present in the periodic table . They are represented by an acronym, where the first letter is capitalized. If this acronym has two letters, the second one will be lowercase, for example:
Element Iron – acronym Fe
In addition, the periodic table indicates some important information about the element. The main ones are: name, symbol, atomic number, atomic mass and electronic distribution.
Periodic Classification of Chemical Elements
In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number .
They are grouped into:
Periods : are the seven horizontal rows of the periodic table, where the elements have the same number of electron shells:
- 1st period : 2 elements
- 2nd Period : 8 elements
- 3rd period : 8 elements
- 4th period : 18 elements
- 5th period : 18 elements
- 6th period : 32 elements
- 7th period : 32 elements
The 6th and 7th period have a particularity. They include the series of lanthanides and actinides. However, it is common to find the elements of these groups below the table to optimize space.
Columns : The columns, groups or families , are the 18 vertical lines that appear in the periodic table.
Families A and B have 8 groups each:
- Family 1A : Alkaline Metals ( lithium , sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium).
- Family 2A : Alkaline Earth Metals (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium).
- Family 3A : Boron family (boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium and nihonium).
- Family 4A : Carbon family (carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead and flerovium).
- Family 5A : Nitrogen family (nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and muscovium).
- Family 6A : Chalcogens (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium, livermorium).
- Family 7A : Halogens (fluorine, chlorine , bromine, iodine, astatine and tennessine).
- Family 8A : Noble gases ( helium , neon, argon , krypton, xenon, radon and oganesson).
The transition elements (transition metals) represent the 8 families of the B series:
- Family 1B : copper , silver, gold and roentgenium.
- Family 2B : zinc , cadmium, mercury and copernicium.
- Family 3B : scandium, yttrium and series of lanthanides (15 elements) and actinides (15 elements).
- Family 4B : titanium, zirconium, hafnium and rutherfordium.
- Family 5B : vanadium, niobium , tantalum and dubnium.
- Family 6B : chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and seaborgium.
- Family 7B : manganese, technetium, rhenium and bohrium.
- Family 8B : iron, ruthenium, osmium, hassium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, meitnerium, nickel, palladium, platinum, darmstadium.
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry – IUPAC recommends that we should preferentially use the term group , numbered from 1 to 18 from left to right, to refer to the gathering of elements with similar characteristics, instead of families.
Also read about the History of the Periodic Table .
Element Properties
Chemical elements have two types of properties:
Periodic Properties : they vary periodically with the increase or decrease of their atomic numbers, they are:
- Atomic Radius
- Atomic Volume
- Absolute Density
- Melting Point and Boiling Point
- Electronic Affinity
- Ionization Energy
- electronegativity
- electropositivity
Aperiodic properties : they do not vary periodically, that is, they do not vary at regular intervals. For example:
- Atomic Mass
- Specific Heat
All Chemical Elements
Check below a table in alphabetical order that brings together all the chemical elements, their symbols, atomic numbers and atomic masses.
The atomic masses in parentheses correspond to the most stable isotopes of radioactive elements.
| Element | Symbol | Atomic Number | Atomic Mass |
|---|---|---|---|
| actinium | B.C | 89 | (227) |
| Aluminum | Al | 13 | 26.9815 |
| americium | am | 95 | (243) |
| Antimony | sb | 51 | 121.75 |
| argon | Air | 18 | 39,948 |
| arsenic | To the | 33 | 74.9216 |
| astatine | At | 85 | (210) |
| Barium | Ba | 56 | 137.34 |
| berkelium | bk | 97 | (247) |
| Beryllium | Be | 4 | 9.0122 |
| Bismuth | Bi | 83 | 209 |
| bohrio | Bh | 107 | (262.1) |
| Boron | B | 5 | 10.811 |
| bromine | Br | 35 | 79,909 |
| Cadmium | CD | 48 | 112.40 |
| Calcium | Here | 20 | 40.08 |
| California | See | 98 | (251) |
| Carbon | W | 6 | 12.01115 |
| Cerium | ce | 58 | 140.12 |
| Cesium | cs | 55 | 132,905 |
| Lead | bp | 82 | 207.19 |
| chlorine | Cl | 17 | 35,453 |
| Cobalt | co | 27 | 58.93 |
| Copper | Ass | 29 | 63.55 |
| Copernicus | Cn | 112 | 285 |
| Krypton | kr | 36 | 83.80 |
| Chrome | Cr | 24 | 51,996 |
| curium | cm | 96 | (247) |
| Darmstadium | ds | 110 | (269) |
| Dysprosium | Dy | 66 | 162.50 |
| Dubnium | db | 105 | (262) |
| Einsteinium | es | 99 | (252) |
| Sulfur | s | 16 | 32,064 |
| erbium | er | 68 | 167.26 |
| Scandium | sc | 21 | 44,956 |
| Tin | Sn | 50 | 118.69 |
| Strontium | sir | 38 | 87.62 |
| europium | I | 63 | 151.96 |
| Fermium | Fm | 100 | (257) |
| Iron | Faith | 26 | 55,847 |
| Flerovium | fl | 114 | 289 |
| Fluorine | F | 9 | 18.9984 |
| Phosphor | P | 15 | 30.9738 |
| francium | Fr | 87 | (223) |
| gadolinium | Gd | 64 | 157.25 |
| Gallium | Ga | 31 | 69.72 |
| Germanium | ge | 32 | 72.59 |
| Hafnium | Hf | 72 | 178.49 |
| Hassium | Hs | 108 | (265) |
| Helium | Hey | two | 4.0026 |
| Hydrogen | H | 1 | 1.00797 |
| holmium | ho | 67 | 164,930 |
| Indian | in | 49 | 114.82 |
| Iodine | I | 53 | 126.9044 |
| Iridium | Go | 77 | 192.2 |
| Ytterbium | Yb | 70 | 173.04 |
| Yttrium | Y | 39 | 88.905 |
| Lanthanum | There | 57 | 138.91 |
| Laurentius | lr | 103 | (260) |
| Lithium | read | 3 | 6,941 |
| Livermorium | Lv | 116 | 292 |
| Lutetium | Lu | 71 | 174.97 |
| Magnesium | mg | 12 | 24.312 |
| Meitnerium | mt | 109 | (269) |
| Manganese | Mn | 25 | 54.9380 |
| Mendelevium | md | 101 | (258) |
| Mercury | Hg | 80 | 200.59 |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 42 | 95.94 |
| Moscovius | Mc | 115 | 288 |
| neodymium | Nd | 60 | 144.24 |
| neon | Huh | 10 | 20.183 |
| neptunium | Np | 93 | (237) |
| Nihonium | nh | 113 | 284 |
| Niobium | Nb | 41 | 92,906 |
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | 58.69 |
| Nitrogen | No | 7 | 14.0067 |
| Nobelium | At the | 102 | (259) |
| oganesson | og | 118 | 294 |
| osmium | You | 76 | 190.2 |
| Gold | Au | 79 | 196,967 |
| Oxygen | O | 8 | 15.9994 |
| Palladium | Pd | 46 | 106.4 |
| Platinum | PT | 78 | 195.09 |
| Plutonium | Pu | 94 | (244) |
| Polonium | Dust | 84 | (209) |
| Potassium | K | 19 | 39,098 |
| Praseodymium | Pr | 59 | 140.907 |
| Silver | Ag | 47 | 107,870 |
| Promethium | pm | 61 | (145) |
| Protactinium | Shovel | 91 | (231) |
| Radio | Frog | 88 | (226) |
| radon | Rn | 86 | (222) |
| rhenium | Re | 75 | 186.2 |
| Rhodium | Rh | 45 | 102,905 |
| roentgenium | RG | 111 | (272) |
| Rubidium | Rb | 37 | 85.47 |
| Ruthenium | ru | 44 | 101.07 |
| Rutherfordium | Rf | 104 | (261 |
| Samarium | sm | 62 | 150.35 |
| Seaborgium | sg | 106 | (263.1) |
| Selenium | if | 34 | 78.96 |
| Silicon | yes | 14 | 28.086 |
| Sodium | At | 11 | 22.9898 |
| Thallium | Tl | 81 | 204.37 |
| Tantalum | OK | 73 | 180.948 |
| technetium | tc | 43 | (98) |
| Tellurium | You | 52 | 127.60 |
| tenesian | ts | 117 | 294 |
| Terbium | Also | 65 | 158,924 |
| Titanium | You | 22 | 47.90 |
| Thorium | th | 90 | 232.0 |
| Thulium | TM | 69 | 168,934 |
| Tungsten | W | 74 | 183.85 |
| Uranium | U | 92 | 238 |
| Vanadium | V | 23 | 50.942 |
| xenon | X and | 54 | 131.38 |
| Zinc | Zn | 30 | 65.38 |
| Zirconium | Zr | 40 | 91.22 |
