Classification of Morphemes
Classification of morphemes
Morphemes can be classified as:
- Dependent Morphemes
- Independent morphemes
Dependent Morphemes
They are the ones who join the lexeme to form a single word. These are classified into:
- Lexical morphemes or affixed morphemes or derivative morphemes
- Grammatical or flexible morphemes
Lexical morphemes or affixed morphemes or derivative morphemes
They join the lexeme to clarify the meaning of a word in relation to its size or quality. Given their position in the word they are classified as:
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
- Interfixes or infixes
Prefixes
Are prepended to the lexeme: geo -grafía, in -useful, against -put, sub Marino, re -vestir, pre -see, hyper -tenso,
Suffixes
Appear after the lexeme: viej- ita , pan- was , Pin- ar , mother-appointment, cas-one, Carnic-ero, cas-Sucha.
Interfixes or infixes
They appear after the lexeme but they go before the suffix: pan-ad-ero, ama-bili-dad, cafe-c-ito, carn-ic-ero.
Grammatical or flexible morphemes
They add grammatical or morphological features influencing the meaning of the word according to:
- Gender (male or female): NIN or , NIN to .
- Number (singular and plural): NIN or , NIN you .
- Time (past and future present): cant- aré , cant- aba .
- Mode (indicative subjunctive): cant- masters , cant- aban .
Independent morphemes
They keep independence from the lexeme, form independent words but need other words. Is about:
- Pronouns: take it , say it .
- Prepositions: a, with, against, …
- Conjunctions: y, o, e, but.
- Articles: he , she, one, one.