How many countries signed the Paris agreement
This is an international treaty that relates to a growing concern around the world: the increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface. In this article how many countries signed the Paris agreement?
A cause for concern, global warming is an environmental and social threat that requires immediate action.
Among them, the union of governments and the main world leaders to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
This is an effort that has in the Paris Agreement one of the most prominent initiatives.
The treaty, established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has almost 200 participating countries .
There are goals to be met, actions to be put into practice and many debates.
More recently, it made the news due to the notification of the United States‘ withdrawal from the global pact to combat climate change .
The information was released in November 2019 by Mike Pompeo, Secretary of State, but its implementation should take a year for procedural reasons.
Contrary to world efforts, the American initiative caused concern, mainly because the country is one of the biggest polluters on the planet .
In this article, you will understand how the US position affects compliance with the Paris Agreement.
What Is The Paris Agreement?
The Paris Agreement is a global commitment to adopt climate policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 2020 onwards, replacing the Kyoto Protocol .
It got its name because it was negotiated in Paris, capital of France, during the COP21 (21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) in December 2015.
During the event, the Paris Agreement was signed by 195 participating countries.
In the act, they all committed themselves to goals to keep global warming below 2ºC, limiting it to 1.5ºC.
That is, the average temperature of the earth’s surface could not rise more than 1.5 degrees in 100 years.
To do so, it would be necessary to implement unprecedented reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, ending global dependence on fossil fuels.
To enter into force, the treaty needed to be ratified – that is, given the status of domestic law – by 92 countries that account for around 55% of greenhouse gas emissions.
The number was later reached and the agreement took effect on November 4, 2016.
In this way, it represented record numbers for an international agreement – the Kyoto Protocol, for example, took eight years to have the minimum number of ratifications required by the UN .
As of June 2017, 195 countries have signed the agreement and 147 have ratified it.
In 2020, the total number of signatories drops to 194 , with the departure already notified from the United States.
Origin of The Paris Agreement
Created to replace the Kyoto Protocol from 2020, the Paris Agreement is the first pact to pressure countries to implement action plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Even though the treaty makes it clear that each country is free to collaborate as it can, it required the creation of documents to formalize its climate action.
To be part of the international treaty, each of the participating countries had to prepare a document called the NDC: Nationally Determined Contributions .
These records show how nations intend to reduce their domestic emissions and also account for strategies to do so.
Each of the commitments assumed by the governments was prepared according to what they consider feasible, according to the local social and economic scenario .
Background To The Paris Agreement
Further on, still in this article, we will bring details of other important environmental treaties for the planet.
Two of them stand out as predecessors to the Paris Agreement.
They are as follows:
- Kyoto Protocol : agreed in 1997 to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, lasting from 2008 to 2013 and which had its protocol extended until 2020 with the Doha Amendment in 2012.
- Durban Platform : created in 2011, during COP21, to negotiate and govern climate change mitigation measures from 2020, and which came into force on 4 November 2016.
Goals Of The Paris Agreement
Although its main objective is to strengthen the global response to the threats of climate change , the Paris Agreement also encourages countries to deal with the impacts it causes.
Therefore, it drives sustainable development .
After all, the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases contributes to the increase in the planet’s temperature – which has social and environmental consequences.
In response, countries feel a responsibility to think of solutions to reduce environmental impacts .
The global pact also provides that rich nations must invest 100 billion dollars a year in measures to combat climate change and adapt in developing countries.
Another requirement is that commitments be reviewed every five years .
Thus, in 2020, there will be another meeting between the main world leaders to calibrate goals and think of new actions to better preserve the planet.
Learn about other goals and guidelines raised by the Paris Agreement:
- Helping least developed countries reduce vulnerability to extreme weather events
- Stimulating financial and technological support from developed countries to help least developed countries meet the 2020 targets
- Boost cooperation between cities, communities, financial institutions, indigenous peoples, the private sector and civil society to expand and strengthen actions to combat global warming
- Promote technological development for the adaptation of participating countries to climate change.
Paris Agreement: Current Situation
As already highlighted, in 2020, the Paris Agreement will replace the Kyoto Protocol and will also have 194 signatory countries, now without the presence of the United States.
It is a landmark year for the treaty, therefore.
The demand will be increasing on the participants, so that they fulfill the commitments assumed
The two goals were created based on the 2005 numbers.
However, according to a UN report released in November 2019 , the commitments are not enough to keep global warming within the target.
And while criticizing the reduction of the budget for activities involving climate change, he praised the advances in the renewable energy sector since 2015 and also the investments in rail transport.
Which Countries Are Participating In The Paris Agreement?
Even with the important departure of the United States from the Paris Agreement, the world’s biggest polluters are still there .
Some examples of polluting countries participating among the 195 signatures are:
- Germany
- Brazil
- Canada
- South Korea
- China (counting Hong Kong and Macau)
- India
- Japan
- Mexico
- Russia
Microstates that together have no more than 150,000 inhabitants and that are also participating include:
- Liechtenstein
- Monaco
- Nauru
- Palau
- San Marino
- Tuvalu
Among the countries that are going through regional conflicts or war , but still signing the Paris Agreement, are:
- Afghanistan
- Saudi Arabia
- Cameroon
- Chad
- Egypt
- Ethiopia
- Yemen
- Iraq
- Libya
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Kenya
- Somalia
- Sudan
- Southern Sudan
- Turkey
Now, among the countries that did not initially adhere to the Paris Agreement, three specific cases can be highlighted: Nicaragua, Syria and the Vatican.
Nicaragua claimed the agreement was ambitious and ineffective, but after being devastated by hurricanes in 2017, it backtracked and acceded to the agreement .
Syria, on the other hand, was not part of the global pact because of the civil war it faces – which also changed in 2017 .
Meanwhile, the Vatican has not signed the global pledge due to the Holy See not being a party to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change.
