Male and female gametes are two types of reproductive cells produced by higher organisms. Reproductive cells are also called sex cells. the main difference between them is that male gametes are called sperm and are produced by male reproductive organs, while female gametes are called eggs and are produced by female reproductive organsBoth male and female gametes are produced by germ cell meiosis. Therefore, both are haploid. One male and one female gamete combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote. In seed-bearing plants, the pollen grain is the male gametophyte that produces sperm. The female gametes of seed plants are found inside the ovary. In animals, male and female gametes are formed in the male and female gonads, respectively.
What are the male gametes
Male gametes are reproductive cells that, during fertilization, combine with female reproductive cells to form a zygote. Male gametes are also called sperm. They are produced by both plants and animals in a process called meiosis. The process of sperm differentiation is called spermatogenesis.
Male gametes in plants
The two types of seed-bearing plants are angiosperms and gymnosperms. Angiosperms are in bloom. The male reproductive organ of a flower is called stamens. The stamen consists of an anther and a filament. In angiosperm males, gametes can be found inside pollen grains. Pollen grains are produced inside the anther pollen sacs. On flowering plants such as gymnosperms, male reproductive organs form inside the pollen cones.
Sperm
Sperm that are produced by animals are called sperm. Most animal sperm are flagellates, with the exception of sperm from nematodes, crayfish, millipedes, and ticks. In higher vertebrates, spermatozoa are formed in the testes. The head and tail are two components of mature sperm. The head of human spermatozoa is almond shaped and mainly contains a nucleus. The nucleus consists of one set of chromosomes of a species.
The cap-like structure that covers the head of the sperm is called the acrosome . The acrosome contains enzymes that destroy the protective layers of the female gamete. The mitochondria can be found in the middle of the sperm. The tail of the sperm consists of a flagellum, which is involved in the movement of the sperm. Spermatozoa are shown in figure 2 .
What are female gametes
Female gametes are reproductive cells that, during fertilization, combine with male reproductive cells to form a zygote. Female gametes are also called eggs or ova . Egg cells are also produced by both plants and animals in a process called meiosis. The process of oocyte differentiation is called oogenesis.
Female gametes in plants
The female gametes in the angiosperms are produced in the ovary of the flower. The female part of the plant is called the pistil. The pistil consists of a brand, style and ovary. Female gymnosperm gametes are produced in pine calluses. Pine cones are produced at the tips of the branches.
Oocytes
The female gametes produced by animals are called ova. The egg is much larger than the sperm. Therefore, the eggs are usually immobile. An animal’s young egg is called an ovum. The eggs are produced by female gonads called ovaries. Egg formation begins after puberty. The human egg has a diameter of 0.12 mm and is visible to the naked eye. Oocyte formation stops at menopause.
Similarities
- Male and female gametes are the reproductive cells of higher organisms.
- Both male and female gametes are produced by meiosis.
- Both male and female gametes are haploid. Hence, each gamete contains one copy of each chromosome.
- Both male and female gametes combine during fertilization to produce a diploid zygote.
Difference
Definition
Male gametes: The male gamete is the male reproductive cell that fuses with the female gamete to form a zygote.
Female gametes: The female gamete is a female reproductive cell that fuses with the male gamete to form a zygote.
Formed
Male gametes: Male gametes are produced by spermatogenesis.
Female gametes: Female gametes are produced by oogenesis.
In seed plants
Male Gametes: Male gametes can be found in the pollen grains of seed-bearing plants.
Female gametes: Female gametes can be found inside the ovary of seed plants.
In animals
Male gametes: Male gametes are formed in the testes.
Female gametes: Female gametes are produced in the ovaries.
The size
Male gametes: Male gametes are smaller than female ones.
Female gametes: The female gametes in humans are 100,000 times larger than the male gametes in humans.
the form
Male gametes: Male gametes are corn-shaped cells.
Female gametes: Female gametes are spherical cells.
Cytoplasm size
Male gametes: Male gametes contain a small amount of cytoplasm. Therefore, male gametes are lighter, which allows swimming.
Female gametes: Female gametes contain a large cytoplasm to feed the embryo.
mobility
Male gametes: Male gametes are mobile.
Female gametes: Female gametes are immobile.
Tail / flagella
Male gametes: Male gametes contain a tail or flagella that aid in swimming.
Female gametes: Female gametes do not contain tails or flagella.
number
Male gametes: Male gametes are produced in large quantities to ensure successful fertilization.
Female gametes: Only one female gamete is produced per month in humans.
Zona Pellucida
Male gametes: Male gametes lack the zona pellucida.
Female gametes: Female gametes are a jelly-like shell called zona pellucida to which male gametes bind.
acros
Male gametes: Male gametes contain an acrosome, which contains enzymes that break down the layers that surround the female gamete.
Female gametes: Female gametes are devoid of acros.
Mitochondrial level
Male gametes: Male gametes contain many mitochondria, which provide energy for swimming.
Female gametes: Female gametes make up several mitochondria as they are immobile.
Conclusion
Male and female gametes are two types of haploid reproductive cells produced by plants and animals. Male gametes are called sperm. Female gametes are called ova. Both male and female gametes are formed by meiosis. Thus, both types of gametes include one set of chromosomes of the species. One male gamete joins with one female gamete, forming a zygote, which develops into a new organism.
