Ottoman empire
One of the great empires of the West. Why did the ottoman empire fall?
| Data | |
|---|---|
| Date | 1299-1923. |
| Capital | Sogut, Bersa, Edirne and Constantinople. |
| Location | Europe, Asia and Africa. |
| Idiom | Turkish. |
| Religion | Islam. |
| government | Absolute , constitutional monarchy and caliphate. |
The Ottoman Empire, which lasted from 1299 to 1923, was one of the great empires of the West . In its heyday, it occupied part of Europe, Africa and Asia, and was located around what we now know as the Republic of Turkey.
This empire was characterized by its great military power, which was feared by all its surrounding territories, and for ending what was left of the Byzantine Empire , while devastating other great empires. He came to have 29 provinces under his control and various vassal states that paid him tribute.
The Ottoman Empire came to an end after various defeats and political and social decline, but it was not until after the First World War , after more than 600 years of power, that it was completely dissolved.
Location of the Ottoman Empire
During its beginnings, the Ottoman Empire was one of the smallest Turkish states, emerged from the decline of the Seljuk Empire. Why did the ottoman empire fall?
However, as the years passed , he gradually controlled all the Turkish states until he conquered the Byzantine Empire .
After various phases of expansion under different governments, by 1683, its year of greatest splendor, the Ottoman Empire came to occupy a large territory in Africa, Asia and Europe .
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Characteristics of the Ottoman Empire
Among the main characteristics of the Ottoman Empire we can highlight that:
- Its origin was due to the decline of the Seljuk Empire .
- It had great military power , a large number of soldiers trained for wars and the necessary armaments. Why did the ottoman empire fall?
- Its official religion was Islam , although it tolerated other religions under the payment of taxes.
- The main language was Ottoman Turkish , but it also made use of Greek, Arabic and Persian.
- Its maximum splendor was during 1863 , when it had more than 5 million square kilometers of territory.
- Its economy focused on livestock, fishing and agriculture .
- Its main currency was the akçe, the kurus and the lira .
- Its form of government was monarchical , partly absolute and partly constitutional. Furthermore, from 1517 onwards, the caliphate prevailed.
Economy of the Ottoman Empire
The economy of the Ottoman Empire was based on the export of processed products and raw materials to the entire West , such as spices and silk.
In addition to being self-sufficient, they produced food for their own consumption and exported for others. Their commercial production activities consisted, for the most part, in agriculture, crafts, livestock and fishing. Why did the ottoman empire fall?
By having great territorial control, especially of the seas , the Ottomans became intermediaries for almost all the commerce of the European continent. Taking advantage of its power and expansion, it carried out the transport of commercial cargo and exports .
Countries of the Ottoman Empire
The countries that belonged to the Ottoman Empire are the following:
| Europe | Asia | Africa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania (1478 – 1912) | Georgia (1590 – 1612) | Aceh (1564 – 1873) | Algeria (1536 – 1830) |
| Armenia (1555 – 1918) | Grace (1460 – 1828) | Aden (1538 – 1635) | Egypt (1517 – 1915) |
| Arrain (1590 – 1612) | Herzegovina (1481 – 1908) | Abkhazia (1480 – 1810) | Eritrea (1557 – 1884) |
| Bosnia (1463 – 1908) | Hungary (1526 – 1699) | Jordan (1516 – 1918) | Libya (1521 – 1912) |
| Bulgaria (1421 – 1878) | Macedonia (1371 – 1912) | Lebanon (1516 – 1918) | Somaliland (1548 – 1884) |
| Crete (1475 – 1774) | Montenegro (1499 – 1697) | Oman (1550 – 1741) | Sudan (1553 – 1883) |
| Crimea (1475 – 1774) | North Aegean (1462 – 1912) | Palestine (1516 – 1918) | Tunisia (1534 – 1881) |
| Cyclades (1538 – 1828) | Otranto (1480 – 1481) | Saudi Arabia (1871 – 1914) | |
| Cyprus (1570 – 1914) | Podolia (1672 – 1699) | Syria (1516 – 1918) | |
| Dagestan (1590 – 1612) | Serbia (1459 – 1878) | Yemen (1517 – 1918) | |
| Dodecanese (1522 – 1912) | Slavonia (1592 – 1699) | ||
| Epirus (1479 – 1912) | Sporades Islands (1538 – 1828) |
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Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
The various sultans who ruled during the extension of the Ottoman Empire were kings or monarchs who wielded maximum power. The following are the 40 sultans of the Ottoman Empire:
| Osman Gazi (1281-1326) | Murad III (1574 – 1595) | Osman III (1754 – 1757) |
| Orhan Gazi (1326-1360) | Mehmet III (1595-1603) | Mustafa III (1757 – 1774) |
| Murat I (1360 – 1389) | Ahmed I (1603 – 1617) | Abdulhamid I (1774 – 1789) |
| Yildirim Bayazid I (1389-1402) | Mustafa I (1617 – 1618) | Selim III (1789 – 1807) |
| Ottoman Triumvirate (1402 – 1413) | Osman II (1618 – 1622) | Mustafa IV (1807 – 1808) |
| Mehmet I (1413-1421) | Mustafa I (1622 – 1623) | Mahmud II (1808 – 1839) |
| Murat II (1421 – 1444) | Murad IV (1623 – 1640) | Andulmecit I (1839 – 1861) |
| Faith Mehmet II (1444 – 1445) | Ibrahim (1640 – 1648) | Abdulaziz I (1861 – 1876) |
| Murat II (1446 – 1451) | Mehmet IV (1648 – 1687) | Murad V (1876 – 1876) |
| Faith Mehmet II (1451 – 1481) | Suleyman II (1687-1691) | Abdulhamid II (1876 – 1909) |
| Beyazid II (1481 – 1512) | Ahmed II (1691 – 1695) | Mehmed V (1909 – 1918) |
| Yavuz Selim I (1512 – 1520) | Mustafa II (1695 – 1703) | Mehmed VI (1918 – 1922) |
| Suleiman I (1520 – 1566) | Ahmed III (1703 – 1730) | |
| Selim II (1566 – 1574) | Mahmud I (1730 – 1754) |
Fall of the Ottoman Empire
The first World War
The advent of World War I in 1914 accelerated the disintegration of the Turkish-Ottoman Empire , as the war caused a widespread collapse in Europe and the Middle East.
The Ottomans were allies of the Triple Alliance with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the war against the Russians, English and French. With it is known, the Germans and their allies were defeated.
The Empire began to lose power at the end of the 16th century, when in 1683 the army tried, unsuccessfully, to take the city of Vienna in Austria.
The battle started a century of wars with European countries and the Ottoman Turkish Empire lost part of its territory . The fall, in short, occurred in the First World War (1914-1918), when the Ottomans allied with Germany and were defeated.
Causes
- The defeat in the First World War together with its allies, which was the triple alliance (Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire), led to the final fall of the Empire.
- After the first war the Empire signed the Treaty of Sèvres , a peace treaty in which the allies imposed the dismemberment of the Empire and subsequent end.
The final fall of the Ottoman Empire took place after the First World War, when when the war was lost, the empire was dissolved through a peace treaty imposed by the allied forces.
In any case, as of 1813 the empire was already dismembered and with an unfavorable fate . Throughout its last years, several provinces sought their independence and the empire’s political crisis began to decline until it came to an end, in 1923 . Why did the ottoman empire fall?
